![]() ![]() ![]() (2015) find that trauma experienced during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 19 significantly increased the likelihood of depression six years after the conflict. Along similar lines, Kim and Lee (2014) document that exposure to the Korean War in late childhood to the early teenage years has had a long-run negative impact on mental health indicators, including depression, fear, insomnia, and loneliness. One example is Singhal (2019), which shows that early-life exposure to bombing during the American War in Vietnam has had a deleterious effect on the mental health of the Vietnamese population in adulthood. While there is a growing body of research on the relationship between early childhood experiences and the development of mental health ailments later in life, there are very few studies considering exposure to warfare as an adverse experience. Childhood experiences and long-term mental health Therefore, it is imperative to understand whether or not exposure to armed conflict has a toll on mental health and the extent to which this toll contributes to the global burden of mental illness. While the incidences of wars, terrorism, and mass gun violence are on the rise worldwide, the global burden of mental health disorders has also been increasing, with a current cost of $2.5 trillion annually expected to reach $6 trillion by 2030 (de Menil and Glassman 2015, Mnookin 2016). The trauma, fear, and anguish Ukrainian children are experiencing likely place an enormous strain on their mental health, which may persist throughout their lives.īeyond armed conflict and warfare, children also face a sharp increase in exposure to terrorism, gun violence, and mass public and school shootings as a common occurrence in their lives (Chrisman and Dougherty 2014, Kadir et al. A particularly disturbing manifestation of this development is the rise in the number of children living in territories or countries in armed conflict or emerging from war, raising concerns over the long-term psychological harm to children from the trauma of war and armed conflicts.įor instance, the current war in Ukraine triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukrainian territories has led to millions of children abandoning their schools and leaving their homes to move into bomb shelters, underground metro stations and parking lots, and refugee facilities. The number of countries engaged in armed conflict surged dramatically, reaching levels unprecedented since the end of the Cold War. There has been an increase in warfare and threats of interstate war in recent years. ![]()
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